《植物生理学报》 2014, 50(4): 453-460

蓝莓玻璃化试管苗的显微结构及生理生化特性变化

吕敏, 夏秀英*, 徐品三, 李波, 郭照东

大连理工大学生命科学与技术学院, 辽宁大连116024

通信作者：夏秀英；E-mail: xx47@dlut.edu.cn；Tel: 0411-84706356

摘　要：

研究了蓝莓试管苗玻璃化的显微结构、超微结构以及生理生化特性的影响。与正常试管苗相比, 蓝莓玻璃化苗的茎、叶显微结构发生了明显的改变: 叶片表皮细胞松散、不连续; 气孔结构难以辨认; 叶片增厚; 缺少栅栏组织, 海绵组织细胞间隙变大, 部分细胞解体; 茎的维管组织发育不良; 亚显微结构观察发现, 玻璃化苗叶肉细胞体积增大, 细胞壁变薄; 部分细胞缺少细胞核及线粒体; 叶绿体数目减少, 类囊体解体, 缺乏淀粉体。玻璃化试管苗的生理生化特性也发生了显著的改变: 玻璃化苗组织含水量显著增加; 叶绿素、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量显著降低; O2·ˉ产生速率、H₂O₂积累量、MDA含量及相对电导率显著升高; 活性氧清除酶系中POD活性显著升高, SOD和CAT活性显著降低; PAL活性下降。蓝莓玻璃化苗的形态结构异常, 水分及物质代谢紊乱, 活性氧清除能力降低, 表明玻璃化与氧化胁迫相关。

关键词：蓝莓; 玻璃化; 生理生化特性; 显微结构; 活性氧

收稿：2014-01-17   修定：2014-02-26

Changes in Microstructure and Physiological-Biochemical Characteristics of Hyperhydric Shoots of Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) in Vitro

LÜ Min, XIA Xiu-Ying*, XU Pin-San, LI Bo, GUO Zhao-Dong

School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China

Corresponding author: XIA Xiu-Ying; E-mail: xx47@dlut.edu.cn; Tel: 0411-84706356

Abstract:

This research was performed to investigate the effects of hyperhydricity on morphology, subcellular ultrastructure and physiology of leaves during micro-propagation of blueberry plants. The results showed that compared with healthy leaves, hyperhydric leaves showed abnormal microstructure. The development of the epidermis was often discontinuous and the intercellular space was large. Stomata were difficult to identify. The leaf lamina appeared thickened and was characterized by the absence of palisade mesophyll tissue and the malformation of spongy mesophyll tissue. Vascular tissue of stem developed poorly. On the aspect of ultrastructure, the size of mesophyll cell and the thickness of cell wall increased, the nucleus and mitochondria were missed in some mesophyll cells in the hyperhydric leaves. Hyperhydric leaves had a significantly lower chloroplast number per cell and chloroplasts showed collapsed thylakoid stacking compared with healthy leaves. Hyperhydricity resulted in a dramatic change about physiological and biochemical characteristics of leaves, such as a general increase of water content and decreases in the contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar and protein. The production efficiency of O2·ˉ, the level of H2O2, MDA and the relative conductivity in hyperhydric leaves were increased efficiently. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were lower while superoxide dismutase (SOD) were higher in hyperhydric leaves than in healthy leaves. The activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) in hyperhydric leaves reduced. These results reflected an abnormal in morphology, a disorder in metabolic activity and a reduction in the ability of reactive oxygen removing, indicating that hyperhydricity was associated with oxidative stress.

Key words: blueberry; hyperhydricity; physiological and biochemical characteristics; microstructure; reactive oxygen